The Importance of Redox Modulations in Disease

Cellular redox shifts towards a more oxidized environment result in lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes are linked to various diseases, including neurodegeneration and aging.

To address this, a new class of synthetic compounds called Multifunctional Redox Modulators (MFRMs) has been developed. These compounds uniquely reduce oxidative stress, which can lead to debilitating tissue damage. MFRMs not only scavenge free radicals but also independently sequester and redistribute transition metals such as iron, copper, and zinc, which play a role in generating toxic hydroxyl radicals.

Originally named Multifunctional Antioxidants (MFAOs), these compounds were later renamed MFRMs due to their multiple distinct properties that directly and indirectly modulate the cellular redox environment. Beyond neutralizing free radicals, MFRMs can also counteract neurotoxic zinc complexes found in amyloid beta plaques and protect mitochondrial function against manganese poisoning.

These compounds are orally active and reach therapeutic levels in sensory cell tissues, including the eyes, ears, and central nervous system (CNS).